Executive function is a set of skills that reside in just behind our foreheads in the prefrontal cortex.   They are our cognitive and mental capabilities that help to engage in goal directed action and executing tasks.

They control our direct actions, behaviour, and motivation. Often referred to as the management system of the brain or the CEO.  Executive function skills underpin our day to day, determining our success in education, work, and life.  They are skills that enable us to get things done, to accomplish and execute complex tasks, goals, and objectives, they are responsible for emotional and self regulation, and they prepare us for future events.

Executive function skills are key to planning, sustaining attention, remembering instruction and managing multiple tasks. Children and adolescents with neurodiversity such as ADHD struggle with executive function delays and impairments compared to their peers.  Executive function development continues to mature until our mid 20’s.  For those with ADHD, dyslexia and other neurodiversity’s maturity of executive function are slightly later and can be up to 30 years.  With ADHD, executive function are up to 30 to 40% delayed in development.   Though with neuroplasticity we now know executive function can continue to strengthen throughout our lives.

Executive function skill challenges are often the result of a disorder such as with ADHD, Autism, dyslexia, brain trauma, genetic, substance abuse and trauma such as neglect. It is believed up to 90 percent of children and adolescents with ADHD struggle with executive functions, as these skills can be up to 3 to 5 years delayed compared to their peers.

The good news is as the brain is malleable and new neural pathways can be created. We know executive function challenges not to be fixed; we can make changes, generate new habits, establish accommodating environments to support children, young people and adults to strengthen their executive function skills.

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